Infertility Risk Factors


Are you or your partner at risk?

Between 15 and 25 percent of all couples in the United States are infertile.  Only a doctor can make a diagnoisis, but you've had unprotected sex for more than 12 months (if you're over 35, it's six months) and are still not pregnant,  there's a good chance one or both of you may have infertility issues.

Nearly 90 percent of infertility problems can be pinpointed and the vast majority treated. Many infertile couples go on to have children, but they often need extra time or medical intervention to conceive. Read on to learn more about conditions that can lead to infertility.

If you're not yet 35 and have been trying for less than a year (or fewer than six months if you're over 35), there should be no reason for concern yet.

Risk factors for women

Any of the following conditions or activities should be brought to your doctor's attention.  Waiting a full six months or a year to try to conceive naturally may be a waste of your time.

A history of:
  • Endometriosis
  • Ovulation Problems
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease
  • Fibroids
  • Tube blockages
  • Sexually transmitted disease such as chlamydia or gonorrhea
  • Painful or irregular periods
  • Pelvic or abdominal surgery
  • DES (a drug used from 1941 to 1971 to prevent miscarriages) use by your mother when she was pregnant with you
  • Chronic illness such as diabetes, cancer, thyroid disease, asthma or depression

Or if you currently:

  • Take medications such as some steroids and antidepressants
  • Smoke
  • Are more than 25 percent over- or under-weight

Risk factors for men

Any of the following conditions or activities should be mentioned to the doctor.

A history of:

  • Sexually transmitted disease, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea
  • Infection with the mumps virus after puberty
  • Hernia repair
  • Chronic illness such as diabetes, cancer, asthma, thyroid disease or depression
  • DES (a drug to prevent miscarriages) use by your mother when she was pregnant with you
  • Undescended testicles
  • Testicular tumors, cysts or cancer

Or if you currently:

  • Take medications such as some steroids or antidepressants
  • Smoke tobacco or marijuana
  • Heavy alcohol consumption
  • Use a hot tub or sauna regularly
  • Go on frequent, long-distance bike rides

If you suspect a problem

Talk to your primary-care doctor or gynecologist.  You should feel free to bring up any concerns or fears no matter how long you've been trying to get pregnant. Your doctor should be able to answer your questions or, if necessary, refer you to an infertility specialist for a complete evaluation.